Machine to aid in making spokes by hand



UNITED STATES f-PATET OFFICE.

EDVVD. JULIER, OF SHARON, OHIO.

MACHINE T0 .AID IN' MAKING SPOKES BY HAND.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,121, dated November 25, 1856. i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD JULIER, of Sharon, in the county of Noble and State of Ohio, have invented and made certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for- Forming Spokes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1, is a perspective view of the machine, in all its parts complete. Fig. 2, is

also a perspective view of the upper portion of the machine. Fig. 3, is one of the knife shields detached from the machine. Fig. 4,

shows a parallelogramic piece of timber from which the spoke complete is to be formed.

The construction of my improvements is as follows. formed of two pedestal legs, a, a, a, a, a, a,

upon which is surmounted two longitudinal .timbers or beams or shares arranged parallel to each other, about three inches apart,

and coniined together by bolts and screws, or in any suitable manner; thus forming in appearance, a lathe framing, as at b, b. The share part pieces ZJ, o, b, may be from 5% to 6 feet long by t inches square. One of the pedestal legs, continues or extends upward above the timbers or shares about 8 inches as at C, C; through this head part passes a suitable set screw d. Pendent from the underside of the shares or beams Zi, b, o, is a hanger orjournal support e, e, e, the upper end of which has an indentation, or shallow bore or mortise f, in which is inserted the end of a vertical or upright piece of wood 8 inches long of the form shown at Fig. 3, and at g, g, Fig. 1. This piece I term a buifer head or knife shield, and through it toward its upper end is a. suitable mortise or circular opening, to admit of the revolving therein, and its extending through, of a spur or notched chuck z', Fig. 2, used on the end of the mandrel, J, J, Figs. 1, 2, to which mandrel is attached, permanently a suitable sized, ratchet K, and a small band pulley L. The mandrel is supported by a suitable journal box or bearing m, mounted on a straddle standard or head n, Figs. 1, 2. Toward the right hand end of the beams or shares is a suitable tail block o, o, of metal, formed with a base plate P, P, P, and attached to the upper face of the shares,

I employ a superstructure a device, which I term a straddle, fork, or

adjustable gage w, w, lw, w, attached to the sides of the tail block by an axis bolt and head w, and at its end formed with a female screw, in which works an adjusting screw y, Figs. 1, 2. To the forked ends of this adjustable gage, is hinged a device formed of two thin metallic rods or bars .2, s, with i elbows z2 and to the straight or front ends thereof is attached a yoke device &, &, with a gage plate a2, a2, and adjusting screws b2, 62 Figs. 1, 2. These rods or bars have one or more sets of holes, 3, et, 5, 6, intended for the adjust-ment of the yokes &, 8a, outwardly or inwardly. This device I term the forming gage.

To the top of the beams or shares in a line ranging between the pulley and ratchet K, L, is a stand brace piece of metal C2, C2, of suitable size, having a foot part C3 screwed to the front beam, and bent, or inclined across the back beam, outwardly, from the band pulley, and continuing upwardly suiiiciently high, say from 9 to 10 inches, terminating in an eye part and connected to an upright rod cl2, Z2 bolted on to the back part of the back share or beam, Figs. 1, 2 at the point of connection of these two pieces of metal are holes or perforations through which passes a screw bolt having an elongated, and split or slotted head as at e2, in which is riveted to work on a joint a knuckle, a dog f2 having a stop pin g2, Figs. 1, 2; next to the ratchet wheel,

on its right side, and around the mandrel ofv the machine, is a collar or ring h2 with an extension or shank part 2 hinged or jointed at J2 on to a vertical rod 7a2, 7a2, which rod is'hinged on to a lever m2, m2, which is hung or suspended on a fulcrum n2, Figs. 1, 2, attached to the underside of the front share or beam of the machine, and to the end of this lever is hinged or jointed a pitman connection 02, 02, Figs. 1, 2, and to which pitman rod or connection is hooked a pedal P2, P2, Fig. 1, bolted to the right hand base beam of the leg or pedestal at g2, by a screw or bolt so as to admit of the pedal working freely.-

' Between the journal hanger e, e, and the left hand pedestal is employed a suitable band wheel r2, r2, the ends of whose aXle are supported by the hanger e, e, and by the journal set screws s2, Fig. l. 'Io the inner extremity of the axle is a crank disk or arm t2, 252, Fig. 1, to which is attached a crank rod or pitman u2, connected to a treadle e2, hinged at 'm2, to the underside of the right hand pedestal, Fig. 1.

The nature and operation of my improvements I will proceed to describe. In interior regions of country, where wheelwrights have rather a limited amount of work which will not justify the erection and employment of complicated andcostly automatic machinery to produce spokes cheaply andy rapidly, and where spokes can not be made except by persons of considerable skill and experience, it has long been a desired object to have recourse to some means or mode of overcoming such difficulties, andy many mechanical devices have been froml time to time produced, but such deviceshave as yet been found very limited in their advantages, and after many years of practical experience and test I have at length been enabled to produce a machine answering in every respect the desired purpose of simplicity, cheapness of construction, and general utility, and thus enabling the manufacturer, of limited means, and business, to have the advantage of a most useful machine, costing to make it not over fifteen dollars, and being convenient, portable, and, readily put in operation. By the aid of my machine an apprentice, or ordinary skilful workman, can complete a full, perfectly formed and accurate set of 52-spokes in the very short space of four hours.

The operation of my machine is as fol. lows, viz: A roughly hewn piece of wood is attached to the chuck c' Fig. 2, which eX- tends and revolves through the shield or buffer g, g, and the other end held by the center screw mandrel fv, c, passing through the tail block and 0, 0, and buffer u, a. The pawl or detent device s is temporarily thrown oif the ratchet wheel c, so as to admit of the stop or dog f2 being brought down, and its pin g2, inserted into one of the holes in the ratchet wheel la. This being done, the operator stands in between the pedal P2, and the machine; the left foot resting on the pedal P2, the operator takes an ordinary drawing knife, in his hands, and adjusting the forming gage e, z2-a, e2, in position, he rests the blade of the knife, on the piece vof wood, and standing with the face toward the left hand end of the machine, the shaving of the rough timber is proceeded with, while the knife can not,

when rest-ing on the forming gage or rests e, e2-a, e2, penetrate the wood below their upper lines. Thus one side or square face is formed; then the dog or stop f2, is pushed out of the ratchet, and at the same time the left foot of the operator depresses.

the pedal which causes the mandrel to revolve one-fourth of its circumference, when the dog or stop is inserted into a second hole of the ratchet; and a. second side or square surface is formed in a similar manner with the draw knife, thus the rough timber is squared. bei-ng gaged by the four holes in the ratchet wheel formed at equal distances apart. After the rough timber is squared, the dog or stop 2 2, is thrown upward and off from the ratchet. This being done next the spoke is formed, by attaching over rand on to the notched chuck z', a forming cam device s2, s2, Fig. 2. rl`he forming gage a e2, being thrown down horizontally while the yoke device &, &, with its gage plate a2, a2, rest on the forming` cani Fig. 2. The operation of shaving is proceeded with then taking off the sharp edges, and forming the spoke, by treading down.or pressing the pedal P2, which being connected to the pitman o2, and lever m2, and their rod connection 7a2, 762, the detent or pawl, pushes the ratchet, around, which also causes the forming cam s2, s2 to turn and in so turning, it causes the mandrel or chuck to movefor rotate the spoke. In the rotation of the forming cam, it elevates or depresses, and in so doing, the forming gage, or knife rest e e2, elevates and depresses, in a corresponding manner, so as to vary the cut or stroke of the knife and whereby the shape of the spoke must be exactly of the same shape of the forming cam s2, s2, Fig. 2. Thus any form of spoke may be produced, by employing cam forming devices, and attaching them to the end of the mandrel as at s2, s2 Fig. 2.

If the butt end of the spoke is to be made thicker and heavy, all that is required is to screw in the set screws b2, b2, when the gage plate a2, a2 descends, against the forming cam s2, which throws upward or elevates the forming gage or rest device e a2. Then again if the smaller end of the spoke is also to be increased in proportion the set screw y is screwed in, which depresses the end m2, while the forked ends w3 are thereby raised, and which being hinged or jointed on to the forming gage or knife rests a, z2, elevates the elbow ends e2. In Fig. l, the spoke is shown in the position for being formed. The operator can revolve the spoke at will by the action solely o-f the left foot, more or less at pleasure.

After the spoke is shaped by the knife, the forming gage or knife rest is thrown upward and back, as in Fig. 2, so as to ad- The square formation mit of filing and finishing by sand paper, for which purpose the treadle o2, is employed and set in motion by the action ot either toot of the operator, the band or belt m2, m2 being thrown or adjusted over the wheels R2 and L the pawl or indent I3 is thrown off the ratchet, and the machine thereby being converted into a turningV or finishing lathe.

The nature of my machine is such that not only spokes, but cylindrical, tapering, octagonal, fluted triangular, and oval forms can be produced, by aid of a convex or straight'shaped ordinary drawing-knife. It will be observed also, that a most marked and new feature of operation of my machine, is in the dispensing entirely with the use and application of calipers, measuring devices, or other gage devices as well as entirely dispensing with co-mparison measurements of size and shape.

It may be well enough to remark, that the long parts z, e, of the forming gage may be hinged to the elbow parts 22, and to the yoke &, &, in such a way as to admit of the said parts e, e, turning outward so as to enable the forming of the bulge or swell sometimes formed on such spokes as carriage spokes or for lighter vehicles.

Having described the construction, nature and operation of my improvements, what I claim as of my own invention as new and useful, and desire to have secured by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

l. The construction and arrangement of the pattern cam-gage device, s2, s2, the jointed lever device m2, m2, 762 the collar shank f2, h2, and spring pawl 712, when o-perated by the pedal P2 or its equivalent, together and with the stop or dog f2, g2, and ratchet la, in the manner substantially as described, or in any equivalent manner.

2. I also claim the graduating st-raddle gage lw w w wg, and hinged or jointed, forming gage rest z z2, with the graduating set plate and yoke devices a2, Z22, &, with the knife shields or buffer heads g, g, u, a, Figs. l, 2, substantially as described and shown.

EDWARD JULIER.

fitnesses Jol-1N S. HoLLINGsHEAD, JAMES TowLEs. 

